Framing
A practical lens for applying this stage of the Social Media Graffiti process.
Evidence, framing & ethical judgment
Think Critically
Critical thinking tests claims, examines framing, separates evidence from implication, and asks who benefits from a particular interpretation.
The Social Media Graffiti process
Question manipulation and framing.
Framing influences judgment by selecting and emphasizing certain features of an issue. A frame can define the problem, identify causes, make moral evaluations, and suggest remedies before audiences have considered alternatives (Entman, 1993).
Critical thinking therefore requires attention to both reasoning and power. People must evaluate evidence, consider competing explanations, and ask whether emotional appeals are clarifying the issue or replacing careful analysis. Media literacy scholarship emphasizes active inquiry into authorship, purpose, representation, and credibility (Hobbs, 2010).
Communication scholarship
Four lenses for practicing this stage.
These ideas turn the process into a repeatable method for examining communication more carefully.
Media literacy
A practical lens for applying this stage of the Social Media Graffiti process.
Argument evaluation
A practical lens for applying this stage of the Social Media Graffiti process.
Communication ethics
A practical lens for applying this stage of the Social Media Graffiti process.
Questions to apply
Move from observation toward constructive response.
- What claim is being made, and what evidence supports it?
- Which alternative explanation has been excluded?
- How does emotional language influence judgment?
- Who benefits if the audience accepts this frame?
- What would a more accurate and humane framing look like?
Question manipulation and framing.
Selected references
Scholarship supporting this stage.
- Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
- Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: A plan of action. Aspen Institute.
Continue through the process
Each stage supports the next.
The complete process moves from noticing what is present, to decoding strategy, understanding perspective, evaluating evidence, and creating more humane communication.